Abstract
Melasma is a chronic and relapsing skin condition. Although melasma is usually asymptomatic,
it can be associated with immense psychosocial stress and greatly impact a patient's
quality of life. Over the years, many different treatments have been used, ranging
from daily photoprotection, topical lightening creams, and oral agents to laser and
light-based therapies; however, efficacy is often limited with such treatments, and
there is currently no effective modality to prevent recurrence. Although treatment
strategies had originally centered on the use of hydroquinone, newer modalities now
include oral tranexamic acid and lasers. We examined previous and ongoing debates
related to melasma treatments and have reviewed the current efficacy and safety of
available treatments. Critical components essential to the successful management of
melasma are the setting of patient expectations and assurance of treatment compliance.
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Published online: November 24, 2021
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