For twenty-five centuries fair skin was considered to be an essential component of
beauty in the Northern Hemisphere. From ancient times through eras of aristocracies
of the early 20th century, men and women of wealth and fashion carefully protected
themselves from exposure to sunlight. White skin was considered ideal, beautiful,
and desirable, while tanned skin was a social stigma that pointed a finger at members
of society who were obliged to do manual labor. The pale, untanned complexion even
became a symbol of affluence, indicating that its owner could “afford” to stay indoors.
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© 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
