Clinics in Dermatology
Volume 28, Issue 5 , Pages 505-510 , September 2010

Antimicrobials in dermatologic surgery: Facts and controversies

References 

  1. Maragh SL, Brown MD. Prospective evaluation of surgical site infection rate among patients with Mohs micrographic surgery without the use of prophylactic antibiotics. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;59:275–278
  2. Tanna N, Lindsey WH. Review of 1,000 consecutive short-scar rhytidectomies. Dermatol Surg. 2008;34:196–202discussion 203
  3. Dixon AJ, Dixon MP, Askew DA, et al. Prospective study of wound infections in dermatologic surgery in the absence of prophylactic antibiotics. Dermatol Surg. 2006;32:819–826discussion 826-7
  4. Rhinehart MB, Murphy MM, Farley MF, et al. Sterile versus nonsterile gloves during Mohs micrographic surgery: infection rate is not affected. Dermatol Surg. 2006;32:170–176
  5. Christian MM, Behroozan DS, Moy RL. Delayed infections following full-face CO2 laser resurfacing and occlusive dressing use. Dermatol Surg. 2000;26:32–36
  6. Manuskiatti W, Fitzpatrick RE, Goldman MP, et al. Prophylactic antibiotics in patients undergoing laser resurfacing of the skin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999;40:77–84
  7. Futoryan T, Grande D. Postoperative wound infection rates in dermatologic surgery. Dermatol Surg. 1995;21:509–514
  8. Cook JL, Perone JB. A prospective evaluation of the incidence of complications associated with Mohs micrographic surgery. Arch Dermatol. 2003;139:143–152
  9. Kimyai-Asadi A, Goldberg LH, Peterson SR, et al. The incidence of major complications from Mohs micrographic surgery performed in office-based and hospital-based settings. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53:628–634
  10. Hirschmann JV. When antibiotics are unnecessary. Dermatol Clin. 2009;27:75–83
  11. Wilson W, Taubert KA, Gewitz M, et al. Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association: a guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation. 2007;116:1736–1754
  12. Baddour LM, Bettmann MA, Bolger AF, et al. Nonvalvular cardiovascular device-related infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:1128–1130
  13. Baddour LM, Bettmann MA, Bolger AF, et al. Nonvalvular cardiovascular device-related infections. Circulation. 2003;108:2015–2031
  14. Everett ED, Hirschmann JV. Transient bacteremia and endocarditis prophylaxis. A review. Medicine (Baltimore). 1977;56:61–77
  15. Pallasch TJ, Slots J. Antibiotic prophylaxis and the medically compromised patient. Periodontol 2000. 1996;10:107–138
  16. Hawn MT, Itani KM, Gray SH, et al. Association of timely administration of prophylactic antibiotics for major surgical procedures and surgical site infection. J Am Coll Surg. 2008;206:814–819discussion 9-21
  17. Tsevat J, Durand-Zaleski I, Pauker SG. Cost-effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis for dental procedures in patients with artificial joints. Am J Public Health. 1989;79:739–743
  18. Carmichael AJ, Flanagan PG, Holt PJ, et al. The occurrence of bacteraemia with skin surgery. Br J Dermatol. 1996;134:120–122
  19. Halpern AC, Leyden JJ, Dzubow LM, et al. The incidence of bacteremia in skin surgery of the head and neck. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1988;19:112–116
  20. Sabetta JB, Zitelli JA. The incidence of bacteremia during skin surgery. Arch Dermatol. 1987;123:213–215
  21. Zack L, Remlinger K, Thompson K, et al. The incidence of bacteremia after skin surgery. J Infect Dis. 1989;159:148–150
  22. Richey R, Wray D, Stokes T. Prophylaxis against infective endocarditis: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ. 2008;336:770–771
  23. Ching DW, Gould IM, Rennie JA, et al. Prevention of late haematogenous infection in major prosthetic joints. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1989;23:676–680
  24. Management of dental patients with prosthetic joints. Council on Dental Therapeutics. J Am Dent Assoc. 1990;121:537–538
  25. Eskinazi D, Rathbun W. Is systematic antimicrobial prophylaxis justified in dental patients with prosthetic joints?. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1988;66:430–431
  26. Wright TI, Baddour LM, Berbari EF, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis in dermatologic surgery: advisory statement 2008. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;59:464–473
  27. Ainscow DA, Denham RA. The risk of haematogenous infection in total joint replacements. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1984;66:580–582
  28. Berbari EF, Hanssen AD, Duffy MC, et al. Risk factors for prosthetic joint infection: case-control study. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1247–1254
  29. Hanssen AD, Osmon DR. Prevention of deep wound infection after total hip arthroplasty: the role of prophylactic antibiotics and clean air technology. Semin Arthroplasty. 1994;5:114–121
  30. Hanssen AD, Osmon DR, Nelson CL. Prevention of deep periprosthetic joint infection. Instr Course Lect. 1997;46:555–567
  31. Maderazo EG, Judson S, Pasternak H. Late infections of total joint prostheses. A review and recommendations for prevention. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988;131–142
  32. Antibiotic prophylaxis for dental patients with total joint replacements. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003;134:895–899
  33. McGowan DA. Dentistry and endocarditis. Br Dent J. 1990;169:69
  34. Prokuski L. Prophylactic antibiotics in orthopaedic surgery. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2008;16:283–293
  35. Hutchison LC, Norman RA. Antibiotics and resistance in dermatology: focus on treating the elderly. Dermatol Ther. 2003;16:206–213
  36. Cruse PJ, Foord R. The epidemiology of wound infection. A 10-year prospective study of 62,939 wounds. Surg Clin North Am. 1980;60:27–40
  37. Horan TC, Gaynes RP, Martone WJ, et al. CDC definitions of nosocomial surgical site infections, 1992: a modification of CDC definitions of surgical wound infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1992;13:606–608
  38. Sadat U, Chaudhuri A, Hayes PD, et al. Five day antibiotic prophylaxis for major lower limb amputation reduces wound infection rates and the length of in-hospital stay. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2008;35:75–78
  39. Hurst EA, Grekin RC, Yu SS, et al. Infectious complications and antibiotic use in dermatologic surgery. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2007;26:47–53
  40. Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML, et al. Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999. Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1999;20:250–278quiz 279-80
  41. Hirschmann JV. Antimicrobial prophylaxis in dermatology. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2000;19:2–9
  42. Veiga DF, Damasceno CA, Veiga-Filho J, et al. Povidone iodine versus chlorhexidine in skin antisepsis before elective plastic surgery procedures: a randomized controlled trial. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;122:170e–171e
  43. Bibbo C, Patel DV, Gehrmann RM, et al. Chlorhexidine provides superior skin decontamination in foot and ankle surgery: a prospective randomized study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005;438:204–208
  44. Small H, Adams D, Casey AL, et al. Efficacy of adding 2% (w/v) chlorhexidine gluconate to 70% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol for skin disinfection prior to peripheral venous cannulation. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008;29:963–965
  45. Humar A, Ostromecki A, Direnfeld J, et al. Prospective randomized trial of 10% povidone-iodine versus 0.5% tincture of chlorhexidine as cutaneous antisepsis for prevention of central venous catheter infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;31:1001–1007
  46. Chaiyakunapruk N, Veenstra DL, Lipsky BA, et al. Chlorhexidine compared with povidone-iodine solution for vascular catheter-site care: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:792–801
  47. Darmstadt GL, Hossain MM, Choi Y, et al. Safety and effect of chlorhexidine skin cleansing on skin flora of neonates in Bangladesh. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007;26:492–495
  48. Fischer LA, Agner T. Curcumin allergy in relation to yellow chlorhexidine solution used for skin disinfection prior to surgery. Contact Dermatitis. 2004;51:39–40
  49. Willoughby K. Chlorhexidine and ototoxicity in cats. Vet Rec. 1989;124:547
  50. Igarashi Y, Oka Y. Vestibular ototoxicity following intratympanic applications of chlorhexidine gluconate in the cat. Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1988;245:210–217
  51. Perez R, Freeman S, Sohmer H, et al. Vestibular and cochlear ototoxicity of topical antiseptics assessed by evoked potentials. Laryngoscope. 2000;110:1522–1527
  52. Lee JE, Oum BS, Choi HY, et al. Cysticidal effect on acanthamoeba and toxicity on human keratocytes by polyhexamethylene biguanide and chlorhexidine. Cornea. 2007;26:736–741
  53. Varley GA, Meisler DM, Benes SC, et al. Hibiclens keratopathy. A clinicopathologic case report. Cornea. 1990;9:341–346
  54. Phinney RB, Mondino BJ, Hofbauer JD, et al. Corneal edema related to accidental Hibiclens exposure. Am J Ophthalmol. 1988;106:210–215
  55. Scheinfeld N, Struach S, Ross B. Antibiotic prophylaxis guideline awareness and antibiotic prophylaxis use among New York State dermatologic surgeons. Dermatol Surg. 2002;28:841–844
  56. Heal C, Buettner P, Browning S. Risk factors for wound infection after minor surgery in general practice. Med J Aust. 2006;185:255–258
  57. Messingham MJ, Arpey CJ. Update on the use of antibiotics in cutaneous surgery. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31:1068–1078
  58. Rogues AM, Lasheras A, Amici JM, et al. Infection control practices and infectious complications in dermatological surgery. J Hosp Infect. 2007;65:258–263
  59. Sylaidis P, Wood S, Murray DS. Postoperative infection following clean facial surgery. Ann Plast Surg. 1997;39:342–346
  60. Tosun Z, Bite U. A comparative study of the influence of smoking on skin flap survival in pregnant rats. Br J Plast Surg. 2005;58:812–816
  61. Sørensen LT, Jørgensen S, Petersen LJ, et al. Acute effects of nicotine and smoking on blood flow, tissue oxygen, and aerobe metabolism of the skin and subcutis. J Surg Res. 2009;152:224–230
  62. Dixon AJ, Dixon MP, Dixon JB, Del Mar CB. Prospective study of skin surgery in smokers vs. nonsmokers. Br J Dermatol. 2009;160:365–367
  63. Muller LM, Gorter KJ, Hak E, et al. Increased risk of infection in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2006;150:549–553
  64. Lee JH, Kim JJ, Kim YH, et al. Increased risk of peristomal wound infection after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in patients with diabetes mellitus. Dig Liver Dis. 2002;34:857–861
  65. Knobler H, Schihmanter R, Zifroni A, et al. Increased risk of type 2 diabetes in noncirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Mayo Clin Proc. 2000;75:355–359
  66. Mishriki SF, Law DJ, Jeffery PJ. Factors affecting the incidence of postoperative wound infection. J Hosp Infect. 1990;16:223–230
  67. Cunningham M, Bunn F, Handscomb K. Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;CD005360

PII: S0738-081X(10)00031-3

doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.007

Clinics in Dermatology
Volume 28, Issue 5 , Pages 505-510 , September 2010