« Previous
Next »
Clinics in Dermatology
Volume 28, Issue 1
, Pages 2-7
, January 2010
The role of Propionibacterium acnes in acne pathogenesis: facts and controversies
References
- . Pathogenesis of acne: research advances. Adv Dermatol. 2003;19:1–10
- . The histopathology of disease of the skin. New York: Macmillan and Co; 1896;
- . On the etiology of acne vulgaris and its treatment by vaccines. Lancet. 1909;1:1035–1038
- . The pathologic dynamics of acne vulgaris. Arch Dermatol. 1960;82:779–791
- Bacterial flora of the normal human skin. J Invest Dermatol. 1950;15:305–324
- Propionibacterium levels in patients with and without acne vulgaris. J Invest Dermatol. 1975;65:382–384
- . The microbial colonization of inflamed acne vulgaris lesions. Br J Dermatol. 1988;118:203–208
- . The role of bacteria in acne vulgaris–a new approach. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1978;3:253–257
- Antibiotic-resistant acne: lessons from Europe. Br J Dermatol. 2003;148:467–478
- Antibiotic resistant propionibacteria in acne: Need for policies to modify antibiotic usage. Br Med J. 1993;306:555–556
- . Induction of proinflammatory cytokines by a soluble factor of Propionibacterium acnes: Implications for chronic inflammation in acne. Infect Immun. 1995;63:3158–3165
- Inflammatory events are involved in acne lesion initiation. J Invest Dermatol. 2003;121:20–27
- Activation of toll-like receptor 2 in acne triggers inflammatory cytokine response. J Immunol. 2002;169:1535–1541
- Induction of toll-like receptors by Propionibacterium acnes. Br J Dermatol. 2005;153:1105–1113
- Modulation of integrins and filaggrin expression by Priopionibacterium acnes extracts on keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol Res. 2007;299:441–447
- . Distinct strains of Propionibacterium acnes induce selective human beta-defensin-2 and interleukin-8 expression in human keratinocytes through toll-like receptors. J Invest Dermatol. 2005;124:931–938
- . Proinflammatory cytokine production by human keratinocytes stimulated with Propionibacterium acnes and P acnes GroEL. Br J Dermatol. 2004;150:421–428
- . Modeling acne in vitro. J Invest Dermatol. 1996;106:176–182
- . Expanding the microcomedone theory and acne therapeutics: Propionibacterium acnes biofilm produces biological glue that holds corneocytes together to form plug. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;57:722–724
- . Acne: a review of immunologic and microbiologic factors. Postgrad Med J. 1999;75:328–331
- . Enzymic and hemolytic properties of Propionibacterium acnes and related bacteria. J Clin Microbiol. 1977;6:555–558
- . Enzyme production of propionibacterium from patients with acne vulgaris and healthy persons. Acta Derm Venereol. 1985;65:428–457
- Purification and partial characteristics of an acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) produced by Propionibacterium acnes. J Gen Microbiol. 1980;118:59–65
- . Control of free fatty acids in human surface lipids by Corynebacterium acnes. J Invest Deramtol. 1971;56:127–131
- . The production of hyaluronidase (hyaluronate lyase) by Corynebacterium acnes. J Invest Dermatol. 1972;58:66–70
- . Complement activation in acne vulgaris: consumption of complement by comedones. Infect Immun. 1979;26:183–186
- . Activation of complement-a mechanism for the inflammation in acne. Br J Dermatol. 1979;101:315–320
- . Cytotaxin production of comedonal bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes, P. granulosum, and Staphylococcus epidermidis). J Invest Dermatol. 1980;74:36–39
- . Characterization of serum-independent polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotactic factors produced by Propionibacterium acnes. Inflammation. 1980;4:261–269
- . A histological and immunocytochemical study of early acne lesions. Br J Dermatol. 1988;118:651–659
- . Toll-like receptors in acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;55:691–692
- . Toll-like receptors. Annu Rev Immunol. 2003;21:335–376
- Expression and function of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in human keratinocytes. Int Immunology. 2003;15:721–730
- Induction of a chemoattractive proinflammatory cytokine response after stimulation of keratinocytes with Propionibacterium acnes and coproporphyrin III. Br J Dermatol. 2005;153:66–71
- . Heat shock proteins and inflammatory acne vulgaris: molecular cloning, overexpression and purification of a Propionibacterium acnes GroEL and DnaK homologue. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2000;191:183–186
- Purification and characterization of lipoglycan macroamphiphiles from Propionibacterium acnes. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2004;86:77–85
- . New and emerging treatments in dermatology: acne. Dermatol Ther. 2008;21:86–95
- . Cutting edge: all trans-retinoic acid down-regulates TLR2 expression and function. J Immunol. 2005;174:2467–2470
- Zinc salts inhibit in vitro Toll-like receptor 2 surface expression by keratinocytes. Eur J Dermatol. 2007;17:492–496
- . GM-CSF and TNF-alpha cooperate in the generation of dendritic Langerhans cells. Nature. 1992;360:258–261
- Novel responses of human skin to intradermal recombinant granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor: Langerhans cell recruitment, keratinocyte growth, and enhanced wound healing. J Exp Med. 1992;175:1717–1728
- Cytokines and chemokines in the initiation and regulation of epidermal Langerhans cell mobilization. Br J Dermatol. 2000;142:401–412
- . Antimicrobial susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes and related microbial species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1976;10:387
- . Polymorphonuclear leukocyte lysosomal release in response to Propionibacterium acnes in vitro and its enhancement by sera from inflammatory acne patients. J Invest Dermatol. 1980;74:398–401
- . Interleukin 1 immunoreactivity in sebaceous glands. Br J Dermatol. 1992;127:585–588
- Messenger RNAs for the multifunctional cytokines interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha are present in adnexal tissues and in dermis of normal human skin. Exp Dermatol. 1995;4:335–341
- . Matrix metalloproteinases in skin. Exp Dermatol. 1997;6:199–213
- Matrix metalloproteinases of epithelial origin in facial sebum of patients with acne and their regulation by isotretinoin. J Invest Dermatol. 2005;125:673–684
- . The natural evolution of comedones into inflammatory papules and pustules. J Invest Dermatol. 1974;62:316–320
- Comedogenesis: some new aetiological, clinical and therapeutic strategies. Br J Dermatol. 2000;142:1084–1091
- . Cellular dynamics of comedo formation in acne vulgaris. Arch Dermatol Forsch. 1971;242:12–29
- . Quantification of cellular proliferation in acne using the monoclonal antibody Ki67. J Invest Dermatol. 1994;102:89–92
- Lymphocytic transformation in subjects with nodulo-cystic acne. Br J Dermatol. 1977;97:205–211
- . Role of integrins in regulating epidermal adhesion, growth and differentiation. EMBO J. 2002;21:3919–3936
- . Propionibacterium acnes colonization in acne and nonacne. Dermatology. 1998;196:55–58
- Pro-inflammatory levels of interleukin-1 alpha-like bioactivity are present in the majority of open comedones in acne vulgaris. J Invest Dermatol. 1992;98:895–901
- . The effects of inflammatory cytokines on the isolated human sebaceous infundibulum. J Invest Dermatol. 1998;110:410–415
- . A role for interleukin-1α in comedogenesis [abstract]. J Invest Dermatol. 1998;110:558
- . An overview of acne. J Invest Dermatol. 1974;62:268–287
- Immunohistochemical investigation of evolving inflammation in lesions of acne vulgaris. Exp Dermatol. 1998;7:191–197
- . The pathological and ecological significance of microorganisms colonizing acne vulgaris comedones. J Med Microbiol. 1985;20:11–16
PII: S0738-081X(09)00058-3
doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2009.03.012
© 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Clinics in Dermatology
Volume 28, Issue 1
, Pages 2-7
, January 2010
