Clinics in Dermatology
Volume 26, Issue 4 , Pages 375-379 , July 2008

Skin nonpenetrating sunscreens for cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations

  • Elka Touitou, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +972 2 6758660; fax: +972 2 6757611.
    • The author is also affiliated with the David R. Bloom Center of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
    • ,
  • Biana Godin, PhD

References 

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  4. McCullough JL, Kelly KM. Prevention and treatment of skin aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006;1067:323–331
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  8. Horiki S, Miyauchi-Hashimoto H, Tanaka K, Nikaido O, Horio T. Protective effects of sunscreening agents on photocarcinogenesis, photoaging, and DNA damage in XPA gene knockout mice. Arch Dermatol Res. 2000;292:511–518
  9. Stern RS, Weinstein MC, Baker SG. Risk reduction for nonmelanoma skin cancer with childhood sunscreen use. Arch Dermatol. 1986;122:537–545
  10. Gilchrest BA. A review of skin ageing and its medical therapy. Br J Dermatol. 1996;135:867–875
  11. Schlumpf M, Cotton B, Conscience M, Haller V, Steinmann B, Lichtensteiger W. In vitro and in vivo estrogenicity of UV screens. Environ Health Perspect. 2001;109:239–244
  12. Schlumpf M, Schmid P, Durrer S, et al. Endocrine activity and developmental toxicity of cosmetic UV filters—an update. Toxicology. 2004;205:113–122
  13. Klammer H, Schlecht C, Wuttke W, Jarry H. Multi-organic risk assessment of estrogenic properties of octyl-methoxycinnamate in vivo. A 5-day sub-acute pharmacodynamic study with ovariectomized rats. Toxicology. 2005;215:90–96
  14. Kunz PY, Fent K. Estrogenic activity of UV filter mixtures. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006;217:86–99
  15. Seidlova-Wuttke D, Christoffel J, Rimoldi G, Jarry H, Wuttke W. Comparison of effects of estradiol with those of octylmethoxycinnamate and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor on fat tissue, lipids and pituitary hormones. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006;214:1–7
  16. Heneweer M, Muusse M, van den Berg M, Sanderson JT. Additive estrogenic effects of mixtures of frequently used UV filters on pS2-gene transcription in MCF-7 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2005;208:170–177
  17. Seidlova-Wuttke D, Jarry H, Christoffel J, Rimoldi G, Wuttke W. Comparison of effects of estradiol (E2) with those of octylmethoxycinnamate (OMC) and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4MBC)-2 filters of UV light—on several uterine, vaginal and bone parameters. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006;210:246–254
  18. Morohoshi K, Yamamoto H, Kamata R, Shiraishi F, Koda T, Morita M. Estrogenic activity of 37 components of commercial sunscreen lotions evaluated by in vitro assays. Toxicol In Vitro. 2005;19:457–469
  19. Allen JM, Gossett CJ, Allen SK. Photochemical formation of singlet molecular oxygen in illuminated aqueous solutions of several commercially available sunscreen active ingredients. Chem Res Toxicol. 1996;9:605–609
  20. Hanson KM, Gratton E, Bardeen CJ. Sunscreen enhancement of UV-induced reactive oxygen species in the skin. Free Radic Biol Med. 2006;41:1205–1212
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  22. Treffel P, Gabard B. Skin penetration and SPF of ultraviolet filters from two vehicles. Pharm Res. 1996;13:770–774
  23. Touitou E, Godin B. New approaches for UV-induced photodamage protection. J Appl Cosmetol. 2006;24:139–147
  24. Touitou E, Bergelson L, Products for preventing penetration into the skin. (2002) Patent pending.
  25. McVean M, Liebler DC. Prevention of DNA photodamage by vitamin E compounds and sunscreens: roles of ultraviolet absorbance and cellular uptake. Mol Carcinog. 1999;24:169–176
  26. Lavy S. Ethosomes for enhancement of skin penetration of alpha-tocopherol. (2002) M.Sc. Thesis, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
  27. Touitou E, Dayan N, Bergelson L, Godin B, Eliaz M. Ethosomes—novel vesicular carriers for enhanced delivery: characterization and skin penetration properties. J Control Release. 2000;65:403–418fs

PII: S0738-081X(08)00015-1

doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2008.01.014

Clinics in Dermatology
Volume 26, Issue 4 , Pages 375-379 , July 2008

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