Clinics in Dermatology
Volume 26, Issue 2 , Pages 223-225 , March 2008

Immunotherapy and warts: a point of view

  • Mauricio Goihman-Yahr, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Vargas School of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +58 212 5515926; fax: +58 212 5526720.
    • ,
  • Orin M. Goldblum, MD

      Affiliations

    • University of Pittsburgh Medical Center South Side Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15228 USA

References 

  1. Breitburd F, Salmon J, Orth G. The rabbit viral skin papillomas and carcinomas: a model for the immunogenetics of HPV-associated carcinogenesis. Clin Dermatol. 1997;15:237–247
  2. Purdie KJ, Surentheran T, Sterling JC, et al. Human papillomavirus gene expression in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas from immunosuppresed and immunocompetent individuals. J Invest Dermatol. 2005;125:98–107
  3. Forslund O, Lindelof B, Hradil E, et al. High prevalence of cutaneous human papillomavirus DNA on the top of skin tumors but not in stripped biopsies from the same tumors. J Invest Dermatol. 2004;123:388–394
  4. Goihman-Yahr M, Essenfeld-Yahr E. Verrugas e Inmunidad (Informe de un Caso de Desaparición Espontánea de Verrugas Planas con Documentación Histopatológica) Warts and immunity (report of a case of spontaneous disappearance of flat warts and its pathology). Med Cutan Ibero Lat Am. 1972;6:47–50
  5. Goihman Yahr M, Fernandez J, Convit J. Inmunoterapia de las Verrugas Vulgares Diseminadas con Dinitroclorobenceno (Immunotherapy of disseminated common warts with dinitrochiorobenzene). Med Cutan Ibero Lat Am. 1976;4:187–193
  6. Goihman-Yahr M, Fernandez J, Boatswain A, et al. Unilateral dinitrochlorobenzene immunopathy of recalcitrant warts. Lancet. 1978;311:447–448
  7. Vandepapeliere P, Barrasso R, Meijer CJ, et al. Randomized controlled trial of an adjuvanted human papillomavirus (HPV) type 6 L2E7 vaccine: infection of external anogenital warts with multiple HPV types and failure of therapeutic vaccination. J Infect Dis. 2005;192:2099–2107
  8. Lozada-Nur F, Glick M, Schubert M, et al. Use of intralesional interferon-alpha for the treatment of recalcitrant oral warts in patients with AIDS: a report of 4 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001;92:617–622
  9. Syed TA, Ahmadpour OA. Human leukocyte derived interferon-alpha in a hydrophilic gel for the treatment of intravaginal warts in women: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Int J STD AIDS. 1998;9:769–772
  10. Sauder DN. Mechanism of action and emerging role of immune response modifier therapy in dermatologic conditions. J Cutan Med Surg. 2004;8(Suppl 3):3–12
  11. Rechtsteiner G, Warger T, Osterloh P, et al. Cutting edge: priming of CTL by transcutaneous peptide immunization with imiquimod. J Immunol. 2005;174:2476–2480
  12. Arany I, Tyring SK, Stanley MA, et al. Enhancement of the innate and cellular immune response in patients with genital warts treated with topical imiquimod cream 5%. Antivir Res. 1999;43:55–63
  13. Horn TD, Johnson SM, Helm RM, et al. Intralesional immunotherapy of warts with mumps, Candida, and Trichophytin skin test antigens: a single-blinded, randomized, and controlled trial. Arch Dermatol. 2005;141:589–594
  14. Higgins E, du Vivier A. Topical immunotherapy: unapproved uses, dosages, or indications. Clin Dermatol. 2002;20:515–521
  15. Aghaei S. Treatment of disseminated facial warts through contact immunotherapy with diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP). Dermatol Online J. 2006;12:10
  16. Dall 'Oglio F, Nasca MR, D'Agata O, et al. Adult and paediatric contact immunotherapy with squaric acid dibutylester (SADBE) for recurrent, multiple, resistant, mucocutaneous anogenitai warts. Sex Transm Infect. 2002;78:309–310
  17. Haedersdal M, Selvaag E, Petersen CS. Immunotherapy with diphenylcyclopropenone of recalcitrant warts: a retrospective analysis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2000;80:217–218
  18. Silverberg NB, Lim JK, Paller AS, et al. Squaric acid immunotherapy for warts in children. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;42:803–808
  19. Epstein WL, Strieker RB. Immunomodulation by allergic contact sensitization: the dinitrochlorobenzene story. Am J Contact Dermat. 1995;6:117–121
  20. Strieker RB, Goldberg B. Safety of topical dinitrochlorobenzene. Lancet. 1995;346:1293
  21. Goihman-Yahr M. Combined immunotherapy of recalcitrant warts. Int J Dermatol. 2006;45:627

PII: S0738-081X(07)00216-7

doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.10.011

Clinics in Dermatology
Volume 26, Issue 2 , Pages 223-225 , March 2008

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