« Previous
Next »
Clinics in Dermatology
Volume 26, Issue 2
, Pages 182-191
, March 2008
Advanced botulinum toxin techniques against wrinkles in the upper face
References
- . Treatment of glabellar furrows with botulinum A exotoxin. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1990;16:83
- . Treatment of glabellar frown lines with C. botulinum A exotoxin. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1992;18:17–21
- . History of the cosmetic use of botulinum A exotoxin. Dermatol Surg. 1998;24:1168–1170
- Botulinum toxin for the treatment of hyperfunctional lines of the face. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1993;119:1018–1022
- . Botulinum A exotoxin for glabellar folds: a double blind, placebo-controlled study with electromyographic injection technique. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1996;24:1181–1183
- . Botulinum B treatment of the glabellar and frontalis region: a dose-response analysis. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2002;4:19–23
- . Botulinum toxin type B. Dermatol Surg. 2003;29:348–350
- . Clostridium botulinum toxins: a general review of involvement in disease, structure, mode of action and preparation for clinical use. J Neurol. 1992;239:16–20
- . Botulinum toxin: chemistry, pharmacology, toxicity and immunology. Muscle Nerve Suppl. 1997;6:s146–s168
- . Assessment of the biological activity of botulinum toxin. In: Jankovic J, Hallet M editor. Therapy with botulinum toxin. New York, Basel, Hong Kong: Marcel Dekker; 1994;p. 159–172
- Functional repair of motor end-plates after botulinum neurotoxin type A poisoning: biphasic switch of synaptic activity between nerve sprouts and their parent terminals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96:3200–3205
- Motor nerve sprouting in human orbicularis muscle after botulinum toxin A injection. Invest Ophtalmol Vis Sci. 1990;31:964–967
- . Botulinum toxin in aesthetic medicine. Vienna - Berlin: Blackwell Science; 2001;
- . The cosmetic uses of botulinum toxin type A. Int J Dermatol. 1999;38:641–655
- . Dilution and storage of botulinum toxin. Dermatol Surg. 1998;24:1179–1180
- Foam during reconstitution does not affect the potency of botulinum toxin type A. Dermatol Surg. 2003;29:530–532
- . Botulinum toxin dilution: our technique. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2003;5:218–219
- . Consensus recommendations on the use of botulinum toxin type A in facial aesthetics. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;112:1089–1098
- . Botulinum toxin A and facial lines: the variable concentration. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2001;25:73–84
- Multicenter double blind study of the efficacy of injections with botulinum toxin type A reconstituted up to six consecutive weeks before application. Dermatol Surg. 2003;29:523–529
- . Surgical pearl: the use of Ultra-Fine II short needle 0.3 cc insulin syringe for botulinum toxin injections. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;46:931–933
- Cardiovascular reflex testing and single fiber electromyography in botulism, A longitudinal study. Arch Neurol. 1987;44:202–206
- . Botulinum toxin: influence on respiratory heart rate variation. Mov Disord. 1995;10:574–579
- Botulinum A toxin therapy: neutralizing and non neutralizing antibodies—therapeutic consequences. Exp Neurol. 1997;147:96–102
- Botulinum toxin therapy, immunologic resistance, and problems with the available materials. Neurology. 1996;46:26–29
- . Development of resistance to botulinum toxin A in patients with torticollis. Mov Disord. 1994;9:213–217
- . Browlift with botulinum toxin. Dermatol Surg. 2000;26:55–60
- . Raising eyebrows with botulinum toxin. Dermatol Surg. 1999;25:373–375
- . Two-plane injection of botulinum exotoxin A in glabellar frown lines. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2004;28:114–115
- . Muscles that act on glabellar skin: a closer look. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000;105:350–361
- . Botulinum toxin and laser resurfacing for lines around the eyes. In: Blitzer A, Binder WJ, Boyd JB, et al. editor. Management of facial lines and wrinkles. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000;p. 315–332
- . Botulinum toxin for periocular lines: the single injection technique. J Cosmet Derm. 2004;3:122–125
- Botulinum a exotoxin for hyperfunctional facial lines: where not to inject. Arch Dermatol. 2002;138:118–1185
- . Standardization of muscle sites for BTX injection in the frontal and glabellar regions. In: Hexsel D, Trindade de Almeida A editor. Cosmetic use of botulinum toxin. Porto Alegre: AGE; 2002;
PII: S0738-081X(07)00192-7
doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.09.008
© 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Clinics in Dermatology
Volume 26, Issue 2
, Pages 182-191
, March 2008
