Clinics in Dermatology
Volume 24, Issue 3 , Pages 176-180 , May 2006

Onchocerciasis—river blindness

  • Claes D. Enk, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationTel.: +972 26777111; fax: +972 26723468.

References 

  1. Workneh W, Fletcher M, Olwit G. Onchocerciasis in field workers at Baya Farm, Teppi Coffee Plantation Project, southwestern Ethiopia: prevalence and impact on productivity. Acta Trop. 1993;54:89–97
  2. Duke BO. Geographical aspects of onchocerciasis. Ann Soc Belge Med Trop. 1981;61:179–186
  3. Woodruff AW, Anderson J, Pettitt LE, Tukur M, Woodruff AH. Some aspects of onchocerciasis in Sudan savanna and rain-forest. J Trop Med Hyg. 1977;80:68–73
  4. Anderson J, Fuglsang H, Hamilton PJ, de Marshall TF. Studies on onchocerciasis in the United Cameroon Republic. II. Comparison of onchocerciasis in rain-forest and Sudan-savanna. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1974;68:209–222
  5. McCarthy JS, Ottesen EA, Nutman TB. Onchocerciasis in endemic and nonendemic populations: differences in clinical presentation and immunologic findings. J Infect Dis. 1994;170:736–741
  6. Hay RJ, Mackenzie CD, Guderian R, et al. Onchodermatitis-correlation between skin disease and parasitic load in an endemic focus in Ecuador. Br J Dermatol. 1989;121:187–198
  7. King CL, Nutman TB. Regulation of the immune response in lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis. Immunol Today. 1991;12:A54–A58
  8. Hoerauf A, Buttner DW, Adjei O, Pearlman E. Onchocerciasis. BMJ. 2003;326:207–210
  9. Bandi C, Trees AJ, Brattig NW. Wolbachia in filarial nematodes: evolutionary aspects and implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of filarial diseases. Vet Parasitol. 2001;98:215–238
  10. Hoerauf A, Adjei O, Buttner DW. Antibiotics for the treatment of onchocerciasis and other filarial infections. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2002;3:533–537
  11. Murdoch ME, Hay RJ, Mackenzie CD, et al. A clinical classification and grading system of the cutaneous changes in onchocerciasis. Br J Dermatol. 1993;129:260–269
  12. Hagan M. Onchocercal dermatitis: clinical impact. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1998;92(Suppl 1):S85–S96
  13. Enk CD, Anteby I, Abramson N, et al. Onchocerciasis among Ethiopian immigrants in Israel. Isr Med Assoc J. 2003;5:485–488
  14. Abiose A. Onchocercal eye disease and the impact of Mectizan treatment. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1998;92(Suppl 1):S11–S22
  15. Newland HS, White AT, Greene BM, Murphy RP, Taylor HR. Ocular manifestations of onchocerciasis in a rain forest area of West Africa. Br J Ophthalmol. 1991;75:163–169
  16. Abiose A, Jones BR, Cousens SN, et al. Reduction in incidence of optic nerve disease with annual ivermectin to control onchocerciasis. Lancet. 1993;341:130–134
  17. Ramachandran CP. Improved immunodiagnostic tests to monitor onchocerciasis control programmes—a multicenter effort. Parasitol Today. 1993;9:77–79
  18. Nutman TB, Zimmerman PA, Kubofcik J, Kostyu DD. A universally applicable diagnostic approach to filarial and other infections. Parasitol Today. 1994;10:239–243
  19. Zimmerman PA, Guderian RH, Aruajo E, et al. Polymerase chain reaction–based diagnosis of Onchocerca volvulus infection: improved detection of patients with onchocerciasis. J Infect Dis. 1994;169:686–689
  20. Stingl P, Ross M, Gibson DW, Ribas J, Connor DH. A diagnostic “patch test” for onchocerciasis using topical diethylcarbamazine. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1984;78:254–258
  21. Newland HS, Kaiser A, Taylor HR. The use of diethylcarbamazine cream in the diagnosis of onchocerciasis. Trop Med Parasitol. 1987;38:143–144
  22. Soboslay PT, Newland HS, White AT, et al. Ivermectin effect on microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus after a single oral dose in humans. Trop Med Parasitol. 1987;38:8–10
  23. Van Laethem Y, Lopes C. Treatment of onchocerciasis. Drugs. 1996;52:861–869
  24. Schulz-Key H, Soboslay PT, Hoffmann WH. Ivermectin-facilitated immunity. Parasitol Today. 1992;8:152–153
  25. Pacque M, Elmets C, Dukuly ZD, et al. Improvement in severe onchocercal skin disease after a single dose of ivermectin. Am J Med. 1991;90:590–594
  26. Ogbuagu KF, Eneanya CI. A multi-centre study of the effect of Mectizan treatment on onchocercal skin disease: clinical findings. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1998;92(Suppl 1):S139–S145
  27. Whitworth JA, Luty AJ, Maude GH, et al. Ivermectin does not reduce the burden of itching in an onchocerciasis endemic community. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1992;86:281–283
  28. Hoerauf A, Mand S, Adjei O, Fleischer B, Buttner DW. Depletion of Wolbachia endobacteria in Onchocerca volvulus by doxycycline and microfilaridermia after ivermectin treatment. Lancet. 2001;357:1415–1416
  29. Saint AA, Blackwell NM, Hall LR, et al. The role of endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria in the pathogenesis of river blindness. Science. 2002;295:1892–1895

PII: S0738-081X(05)00168-9

doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2005.11.008

Clinics in Dermatology
Volume 24, Issue 3 , Pages 176-180 , May 2006